乳香有效成分治疗冠心病的作用机制研究进展

乳香Olibanum为活血止痛之常用药,是胸痹心痛方剂中的常用药材。现代研究表明乳香在冠心病的治疗中具有较大的开发前景,其主要活性成分为萜类和挥发油等。通过查阅近年来国内外有关乳香有效成分治疗冠心病的相关文献,综述了乳香单味药材及其有效成分治疗冠心病的作用机制与药效作用的研究进展,列举了含乳香复方的临床应用,并总结了乳香的不良反应,为乳香治疗冠心病的临床应用提供依据与参考。     

Baduanjin exercise improved premenstrual syndrome symptoms in Macau women

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese medical exercise, on improving premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in women.MethodsForty reproductive age women with PMS in Macau practiced standardized Baduanjin exercise for three menstrual cycles. A questionnaire, the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP), was used to measure symptom severity. DRSP was filled out every day starting from the last cycle before exercise (i.e., the first menstrual cycle) to the third cycle after exercise initiation (i.e., the fourth menstrual cycle). The total scores and the scores of each item during the 5 premenstrual days and follicular phase (5-9 postmenstrual days) were calculated.ResultsAfter exercise, the total DRSP scores during the 5 premenstrual days and differences in the total DRSP scores between the 5 premenstrual days and the follicular phase were both significantly reduced. Of note, the physical symptom total scores in the 5 premenstrual days and the differences between its total score in the 5 premenstrual days and in the follicular phase were both significantly reduced. The differences between the total scores of depressed mood, anxious mood, loss of interest, and reduction in social activity during the 5 premenstrual days and the follicular phase were also reduced.ConclusionsBaduanjin exercise was able to improve the mental and especially the physical symptoms of PMS.     

Rabdosia serra alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation,regulating Th17/Treg balance,maintaining intestinal barrier integrity,and modulating gut microbiota

Rabdosia serra (R. serra), an important component of Chinese herbal tea, has traditionally been used to treat hepatitis, jaundice, cholecystitis, and colitis. However, the chemical composition of R. serra and its effect against colitis remain unclear. In this study, the chemical composition of the water extract of R. serra was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). A total of 46 compounds, comprising ent-kaurane diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and steroids, were identified in the water extract of R. serra, and the extract could significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis by improving colon length, upregulating anti-inflammatory factors, downregulating proinflammatory factors, and restoring the balance of T helper 17/T regulatory cells. R. serra also preserved intestinal barrier function by increasing the level of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens 1 and occludin) in mouse colonic tissue. In addition, R. serra modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing bacterial richness and diversity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001), and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Turicibacter, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group). Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics further confirmed that R. serra alleviated colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner. Overall, our findings provide chemical and biological evidence for the potential application of R. serra in the management of colitis.     

Depressive symptoms and their relationship with endogenous reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation in premenopausal women

PurposeTo determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with ovulation or reproductive hormone concentrations in eumenorrheic women without a reported diagnosis of clinical depression.MethodsA prospective cohort of 248 regularly menstruating women, aged 18 to 44 years (27.3 ± 8.2) were evaluated for depressive symptoms at baseline using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and categorized dichotomously (<16, no depressive symptoms [92%] vs. ≥16, depressive symptoms [8%]). Serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured up to eight times per cycle for up to two menstrual cycles. Linear mixed models estimated associations between depressive symptoms and hormone concentrations, whereas generalized linear mixed models assessed their relationship with sporadic anovulation.ResultsNo significant associations were identified between depressive symptoms and reproductive hormone levels (all P > .05) or the odds of sporadic anovulation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, [0.02–5.0]), after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, perceived stress level, and alcohol consumption.ConclusionsDespite reported associations between mental health and menstrual cycle dysfunction, depressive symptoms were not associated with reproductive hormone concentrations or sporadic anovulation in this cohort of regularly menstruating women with no recent (within 1 year) self-reported history of clinical depression.     

Similarity preserving low-rank representation for enhanced data representation and effective subspace learning

Latent Low-Rank Representation (LatLRR) delivers robust and promising results for subspace recovery and feature extraction through mining the so-called hidden effects, but the locality of both similar principal and salient features cannot be preserved in the optimizations. To solve this issue for achieving enhanced performance, a boosted version of LatLRR, referred to as Regularized Low-Rank Representation (rLRR), is proposed through explicitly including an appropriate Laplacian regularization that can maximally preserve the similarity among local features. Resembling LatLRR, rLRR decomposes given data matrix from two directions by seeking a pair of low-rank matrices. But the similarities of principal and salient features can be effectively preserved by rLRR. As a result, the correlated features are well grouped and the robustness of representations is also enhanced. Based on the outputted bi-directional low-rank codes by rLRR, an unsupervised subspace learning framework termed Low-rank Similarity Preserving Projections (LSPP) is also derived for feature learning. The supervised extension of LSPP is also discussed for discriminant subspace learning. The validity of rLRR is examined by robust representation and decomposition of real images. Results demonstrated the superiority of our rLRR and LSPP in comparison to other related state-of-the-art algorithms.     

基本药物制度对宁夏基层医疗卫生机构门诊处方合理用药的影响

目的通过对宁夏乡镇卫生院的处方抽样,分析国家基本药物制度实施前后乡镇卫生院门诊合理用药的变化情况。方法结合世界卫生组织推荐的合理用药指标,对医改前后宁夏地区医疗机构门诊患者用药情况进行回顾性调查和研究。结果 2009、2010和2011年单处方平均用药种数分别为3.23种、3.12种和3.15种;含抗生素的门诊处方数分别为549张、736张和601张。各占当年处方总数的比例为53.1%、60.4%和54.2%;含注射剂的门诊处方数分剐为293张、341张和248张,各占当年处方总数的比例为28.3%、28.0%和22.4%;使用激素的门诊处方数分别为17、28和21张。结论基本药物制度对基层医疗卫生机构合理用药有促进作用,但抗生素、注射剂的使用情况仍待改善。政府应加强对抗生素和注射剂的监管力度,以提高其合理用药程度。     

影响新医疗技术使用的决定因素分析

近年来,新医疗技术的引进和使用被认为是医疗费用持续增加的主要原因之一。过去国内外有关控制医疗费用政策的研究,多数探讨引进新医疗技术的影响因素与医疗费用之间的关系,很少从医生使用新医疗技术影响因素的角度来分析。文章通过文献综述的方式,讨论影响新医疗技术使用的决定因素,借此帮助政府及卫生部门设计控制医疗费用的策略。     

A novel Nogo-66 receptor antagonist peptide promotes neurite regeneration in vitro

The Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1), a receptor for Nogo-A, contributes to the inhibition of axonal regeneration in the adult central nervous system after traumatic injuries. Thus, NgR1 has been considered a critical target in axon regeneration therapy. Here, we identified a specific NgR1 antagonist peptide (HIYTALV, named NAP2) which promotes neurite regeneration in vitro from a phage display heptapeptide library. NAP2 was co-localized with NgR1 on the surface of PC12 cells and cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) by immunofluorescence assay. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-streptavidin-biotin assay further showed that NAP2 binds to NgR1 and the dissociation constant (Kd) was 0.45 μM Functional analyses indicated that NAP2 could reduce the inhibitory effects of Nogo-66 on neurite outgrowth in differentiated PC12 cells and CGCs by blocking the Nogo-66-induced activation of Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and myosin light chain (MLC). Taken together, the small molecule NgR1 antagonist peptide NAP2 (MW: 815.98 Da) has a potential ability in crossing blood brain barrier and will be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative diseases.